FROM your first spoonful of cereal at breakfast, to that lunchtime sandwich and cupcake teatime treat, much of what we eat every day contains wheat, and with it, the protein that forms gluten.
Now imagine you were Italian and you'd grown up eating pasta and pizza. You'd trained as a chef to cook the meals you love and then one day, you're diagnosed with coeliac disease and have to stop eating them altogether.
This is exactly what happened to 63-year-old Giancarlo Caldesi, who runs two restaurants and a cookery school with his British wife Katie, and who also has type 2 diabetes.
"I close my eyes and think of original pizza in Naples – best pizza ever – and it makes me want to sit down and cry," admits the father of two boys, when we meet in London cookery school La Cucina Caldesi.
Just the day before, after a three-year struggle with "debilitating" symptoms, he'd finally had the official diagnosis from his doctor following positive blood test results. Caused by the immune system reacting to gluten, coeliac disease affects one in 100 people, with symptoms including bloating, diarrhoea, constipation, tiredness, mouth ulcers, sudden weight loss, hair loss and anaemia.
The only treatment is to entirely cut out gluten from the diet, which includes cutting wheat, barley and rye, in order to manage symptoms and avoid serious long-term complications.
His own experiences have spurred Giancarlo and his wife on to create a 'New Food, New You' cookery course, to show people that it is possible to cook gluten (and sugar) free meals that are still tasty and satisfying.
Together, Giancarlo and his artist wife devised a menu that is tasty and wholesome, filling but not draining.
Try two of the Caldesis' recipes for yourself...
:: COURGETTI WITH RAW SAUCE 'ALLA CHECCA'
(Serves 4 as a main course and 6 as a starter)
320g gluten-free spaghetti or courgetti from 3 courgettes
3tbsp of extra-virgin olive oil
25g parmigiano reggiano, finely grated - optional
100g ricotta to serve - optional
For the sauce:
200g cherry tomatoes, cut into quarters
1 clove garlic, peeled and finely chopped
3tbsp parsley (approx 8g), finely chopped
3tbsp basil (approx 8g), finely chopped
20g capers, rinsed well
80g (stoned weight) olives, cut into quarters
1/2-1 red chilli, finely chopped – taste it and add according to strength
Salt and freshly milled black pepper
125g buffalo mozzarella, roughly torn
3tbsp extra-virgin olive oil
Put the courgettes through the spiralizer on the finer cutter to form long strands like tagliolini. Mix all the ingredients together for the sauce in a large serving bowl.
Heat the extra-virgin olive oil in a large frying pan over a gentle heat. (Giancarlo does this with a crushed garlic clove and a few slices of chilli to flavour the oil, but it's not strictly necessary). Pan-fry the courgetti tossing them in the pan with tongs for just a minute or two to heat. Use tongs to remove them from the pan, leaving any water from the courgetti in the pan and stir into the sauce. Top with spoonfuls of ricotta and parmesan, if using. Serve straight away.
:: BLACK BEAN AND SWEET POTATO CHOCOLATE MUD CAKE
(Makes 10-12 small slices)
200g cooked black beans
100g cooked sweet potato
4 eggs, separated
75g organic Green & Blacks cocoa powder
125g Total Sweet (xylitol) or 5tbsp of rice malt syrup or 150g medjool dates
75g salted butter or coconut oil
1tsp vanilla extract
1tsp baking powder
3-5tbsp of milk, to loosen the batter
A handful of walnuts – optional
A handful of raspberries – optional
For the coconut frosting:
1 x 400g can organic full-fat coconut milk (chilled overnight in can)
Few drops vanilla extract or the seeds from a vanilla pod
Handful of raspberries or walnuts, for decorating
Preheat the oven to 180C. Line an approx 20cm square or round tin with a piece of baking parchment. Puree the black beans and sweet potato in a food processor or mash them finely with a ricer or potato masher. To this mixture, add the egg yolks, cocoa, sweetener, butter, vanilla, baking powder and three tablespoons of milk.
Whizz to blend until smooth. If the batter seems very stiff, add another tablespoonful or two of milk to loosen it. It should be just soft enough to drop from a spoon, rather than firm enough to stay there. This will partly depend on your choice of sweetener and fat. Transfer the mixture to a large bowl.
Whisk the egg whites in a separate bowl until they form stiff peaks. Take a large spoonful and add it to the chocolate mixture to loosen it further. Now gently fold in the rest of the egg whites taking care not to lose the bubbles of air. If you are going to add walnuts or raspberries, do so now, gently folding them in. Pour the mixture into the tin and use a palette knife or spatula to smooth it down. Put into the oven for 30 minutes or until the top is set firm but the cake has a slight wobble underneath. Remove from the oven and allow to cool.
For the topping, carefully spoon the dense coconut cream from the top of a can that has been standing in the fridge overnight into a bowl. The underneath coconut water can be kept for smoothies, or using with oats instead of milk. Whip the coconut cream and vanilla with a whisk until stiff and airy. Spoon on top of the cooled cake and decorate with raspberries or walnuts.
:: Recipes courtesy of La Cucina Caldesi. To find out more about the 'New Food, New You' cookery course, visit caldesi.com