Russian president Vladimir Putin has called Turkey's decision to down a Russian war plane near the Syria border a "stab in the back".
Speaking at a meeting with Jordanian King Abdullah II, Mr Putin accepted the king's condolences on the death of a Russian pilot who was killed in the incident.
The two-man crew had ejected before the jet crashed but Syrian rebels said one was dead before he landed.
Mr Putin said the Russian SU-24 jet was shot by a missile from a Turkish jet over Syria about one kilometre (just over half a mile) away from the Turkish border, which he described as a "stab in the back by the terrorists' accomplices".
He warned that the incident would have "significant consequences" for its relations with Turkey and criticised Ankara for turning to Nato to discuss the incident instead of first explaining to Russia what happened.
Meanwhile, a spokesman for the Syrian rebel group that captured the pilot said rebels are conducting search operations in the area to find the second crew member.
Jahed Ahmad, of the 10th Brigade in the Coast, a group affiliated with the Free Syrian Army, said his group would consider exchanging the body of the Russian pilot they are holding with prisoners held by the Syrian government.
Referring to the Russian pilot, Mr Ahmad said: "This is the body of a Russian member of the military who was killing Syrian people."
He added: "We have the body and we will see what to do with it."
Turkish prime minister Ahmet Davutoglu defended the downing of the fighter jet, saying Turkey has the right "to take all kinds of measures" against border violations according to international laws.
Mr Davutoglu said Turkey will not hesitate to take all steps to protect the country's security, calling it Turkey's "national duty".
He stressed that the action did not amount to an aggression against any foreign territory.
Mr Davutoglu also called on the international community to work towards "extinguishing the fire that is burning in Syria".
Turkey said it shot down the Russian plane after it violated Turkish airspace and ignored repeated warnings.
The Syrian information minister said the shooting down of the plane is a "new crime" that will be added to the record of insurgent groups and the countries that finance and arm them.
Omran al-Zoubi specified Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Qatar as countries that have been among the strongest backers of insurgent groups trying to remove President Bashar Assad from power.
A Russian foreign ministry spokeswoman later said that Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov has cancelled a planned trip to Turkey in the wake of the incident.
The meeting between Mr Lavrov and his Turkish counterpart had been scheduled for Wednesday.
Mr Lavrov was quoted by news agency Interfax as saying that Mr Putin "directly said that (the downing) cannot but affect Russian-Turkish relations. In this regard, I decided to cancel the meeting, which was planned for tomorrow".
