Q: Last year I had a CT scan of my lungs and this also showed I had a small cyst on my left adrenal gland.
Could this cyst be responsible for the hypertension I’ve suffered for more than 20 years — despite not smoking, drinking excessively or being overweight?
GP
A: What you describe is known as an incidentaloma — an abnormality that’s found during an investigation for something else.
In recent years such findings have become increasingly common following the development of ever-more sophisticated scans.
In your case, an incidentaloma was found on your adrenal gland. We have two adrenal glands, one on each kidney. They pump out a variety of hormones, including adrenaline (which helps regulate heart rate) and cortisol (which helps regulate metabolism).
Growths can often form on these glands — we don’t know why — and while they are usually benign, they can also produce hormones, which can cause problems as they may produce the same hormones as the adrenal glands themselves, leading potentially to an excess.
Too much cortisol, for instance, can cause blood vessels to contract, raising blood pressure as well as causing other symptoms. Adrenal growths can also produce aldosterone.
In excess, this hormone encourages the body to retain sodium, causing fluid retention and raised blood pressure.
Indeed, research suggests that adrenal masses 2mm to 40mm in size are found in 12 per cent of people with hypertension.
So, in answer to your question, whether the incidentaloma is linked to your high blood pressure, I think it may well be.
Of course, while it is unusual to have high blood pressure without any obvious underlying lifestyle factors, other ones such as age and genetics may also play a role.
But having tests to check on the status of your adrenal growth would be sensible — this can be done with a blood test, which will reveal if your hormone levels are particularly high.
I’d suggest you ask your GP whether these checks have been run. If not, you would ideally be referred to an endocrinologist. If it turns out that this is the issue, the treatment is adrenalectomy — removal of the adrenal gland by keyhole surgery.
You can live perfectly well with just one. I hope you find some answers soon.
Q: I suffer from dry mouth — a side-effect of my medication for bipolar disorder. Are there any antidepressants that don’t induce this? I am 69.
NS
A: Dry mouth is a common side-effect of many medications, including those you’ve been on for bipolar disorder, as you say in your longer letter: Prozac, then lithium and now lamotrigine.
While your dry mouth could be drug-related, I do wonder whether you might have a medical cause.
A key question here is whether you have saliva at times — such as would occur if you put a sliver of lemon in your mouth — or do you have a constant dry mouth?
If it is a constant and unremitting symptom, then Sjogren’s syndrome is a possible diagnosis. This is an autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the salivary glands and eyes — dry eyes are another symptom.
It’s more common in women over 40 — it may be hormone-related, though we don’t know.
Your long-term treatment with lithium might also be a factor. Many patients taking it develop hypothyroidism (where the thyroid gland doesn’t produce enough thyroxine hormone).
Hypothyroidism is associated with both dry mouth and a hoarse voice. It is essential that you ask your GP if your thyroid function has been checked recently.
I would also suggest you’re tested for Sjogren’s (this involves a saliva test, a test for tear production and a blood test, plus a biopsy from inside the mouth).
If that diagnosis is ruled out, I agree that medication may lie at the root of this.
Continuing to control your bipolar mood disorder is very important, and the anticonvulsant you’re taking — lamotrigine — is a good option, as most, if not all, antidepressants list dry mouth as a potential side-effect, and dry mouth is far less likely with lamotrigine.
© Solo dmg media
