Tension has been building among thousands of migrants as they remained stranded in fog and cold weather in the Balkans in their quest to reach a better life Western Europe.
The flow of people has been redirected to a much slower route via Slovenia after Hungary closed its border with Croatia on Saturday.
Tiny Slovenia has said it will only take in 2,500 people a day, significantly stalling the movement of people as they fled their countries in the Middle East, Asia and Africa.
On Saturday, more than 6,000 people reached Croatia, but most of them were stuck in the country as well as in neighbouring Serbia yesterday – and thousands kept on arriving.
On the Serbian-Croatian border, tensions flared and scuffles erupted as hundreds of irritated migrants faced a cordon of Croatian policemen preventing them from entry.
The Balkan migrant route switched to Slovenia early on Saturday after Hungary's right-wing government closed its border to Croatia for the influx, citing security concerns and saying it wants to protect the European Union from an uncontrolled flow of people.
Slovenian officials said they cannot accept 5,000 migrants per day as asked by Croatia, which is likely to cause a further backlog in the flow. Interior Ministry official Bostjan Sefic said Slovenia cannot take more than neighbouring Austria, which said it can accept 1,500 per day.
"If we would accept 5,000 migrants per day that would mean 35,000 would be in Slovenia in 10 days," Mr Sefic said, taking into account those who leave for Austria. "That would be unacceptable."
Croatian police said yesterday that nearly 4,000 people, including women holding babies in their arms, were stuck in the refugee camp in Opatovac, eastern Croatia, where buses and trains were waiting to take them toward Slovenia, the next step on their journey toward richer EU states, such as Germany or Sweden.
Across the border in Serbia, thousands of people have been sitting in some 50 buses since the early hours waiting to cross to Croatia. More are expected to arrive throughout the day.
"We are waiting here four hours on the bus," said Muhammad Samin, from Afghanistan. "The weather is too cold. We wear lots of shirts. The children are also in the cold. No food."
The United Nations refugee agency warned that Hungary's decision to close its border for migrants has increased their suffering and could lead to a backlog down the so-called Balkan route that goes from Turkey through Greece, Macedonia, Serbia and Croatia.
Babar Baloch, regional spokesman for Central Europe for the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, said the new migrant route through Slovenia has significantly prolonged their already weeks-long journey.
"The decision by Hungary to close its border has certainly added to the suffering and misery and the length of the journey for these desperate people," Mr Baloch said. "There will be challenges if the process becomes slow or we have a backlog of people."
The Hungarian border closure is the latest demonstration of EU's unco-ordinated response to the surge of people reaching its borders. More than 600,000 people, mostly Syrians, have reached Europe since the beginning of this year.
Hungary decided to close the border with Croatia after EU leaders last week failed to agree on a plan backed by Hungary to send EU forces to block migrants from reaching Greece from Turkey.
It did the same on September 15 on the border with Serbia after erecting a razor wire fence on both frontiers.
German chancellor Angela Merkel was meeting Turkish leaders on Sunday to promote an EU plan that would offer aid and concessions to Turkey in exchange for measures to stem the mass movement of migrants into Europe.
Ms Merkel arrived in Istanbul as thousands of new arrivals a day are stretching Germany's capacity to house refugees and other migrants.
Officials said the incentives offered to Turkey would involve an aid package of at least 3 billion euro (£2.2 billion) to help Turkey host the more than two million refugees that are in the country, as well as easier access to EU visas for Turkish citizens and re-energised EU membership talks.
